18 research outputs found

    Data Linkage

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    This guide provides an overview of data linkage, analyses the main advantages, and summarizes the challenges quantitative researchers and data practitioners face when working with multiple data sources. Moreover, this document aims to provide examples of the developments of data linkage in Switzerland as well as inform practitioners about key steps when linking data

    The future of India's urbanization

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    International audienceIn 2050, urban India will be home to fourteen per cent of the world's urban population. In less than thirty years, half of India's population will have to cope with urban life and there will be tremendous transformation of landscape, economic structure and social life. In order to forecast India's urban future, we assumed that secular and contemporary growth trajectories of all individual urban agglomerations are key drivers of future urbanization trends. We demonstrate that India's city-system conforms to the distributed growth model and that its hierarchical distribution is evolving regularly. India's plurisecular city-system fits well with the canonical model that describes universally the system dynamics. It shares common characteristics with several mature urban structures around the world. We show also that the location of the town has little influence on its growth trajectory. Nevertheless, individual trajectories can be classified, either by the secular trend of towns (1901-2011) or on the basis of the more recent genesis of the contemporary urban agglomerations landscape (1961-2011). These classifications are structured over time and space according to subsystems and regional specificities

    Multilevel comparison of large urban systems

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    For the first time the systems of cities in seven countries or regions among the largest in the world (China, India, Brazil, Europe, the Former Soviet Union (FSU), the United States and South Africa) are made comparable through the building of spatio-temporal standardised statistical databases. We first explain the concept of a generic evolutionary urban unit ("city") and its necessary adaptations to the information provided by each national statistical system. Second, the hierarchical structure and the urban growth process are compared at macro-scale for the seven countries with reference to Zipf's and Gibrat's model: in agreement with an evolutionary theory of urban systems, large similarities shape the hierarchical structure and growth processes in BRICS countries as well as in Europe and United States, despite their positions at different stages in the urban transition that explain some structural peculiarities. Third, the individual trajectories of some 10,000 cities are mapped at micro-scale following a cluster analysis of their evolution over the last fifty years. A few common principles extracted from the evolutionary theory of urban systems can explain the diversity of these trajectories, including a specific pattern in their geographical repartition in the Chinese case. We conclude that the observations at macro-level when summarized as stylised facts can help in designing simulation models of urban systems whereas the urban trajectories identified at micro-level are consistent enough for constituting the basis of plausible future population projections.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures; Pumain, Denise, et al. "Multilevel comparison of large urban systems." Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography (2015

    Urban networks in China and India

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    L’analyse de la structure des systĂšmes de villes en Inde et en Chine et de leur Ă©volution au long du XXe siĂšcle pour l’Inde et depuis les annĂ©es 1960 pour la Chine a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e Ă  partir de bases de donnĂ©es comparables et harmonisĂ©es, construites spĂ©cifiquement dans le cadre de cette thĂšse et dĂ©crivant l’ensemble des agglomĂ©rations de plus de 10000 habitants. Les deux pays, trĂšs anciennement mais encore peu urbanisĂ©s, conservent de trĂšs nombreuses petites villes tout en ayant dĂ©veloppĂ© au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies de gigantesques mĂ©tropoles de plusieurs dizaines de millions d’habitants. En dĂ©pit de leurs singularitĂ©s gĂ©o-historiques, ces deux systĂšmes prĂ©sentent les mĂȘmes rĂ©gularitĂ©s fortes que les systĂšmes dĂ©jĂ  connus (loi de Zipf et modĂšle de Gibrat), et ce quelle que soit l’échelle d’observation : un mĂȘme processus de croissance distribuĂ©e traduit l’unitĂ© des hiĂ©rarchies urbaines indienne et chinois Ă©tant dans leur ensemble qu’au sein de leurs sous-systĂšmes rĂ©gionaux. Nous mettons cependant en Ă©vidence une diversitĂ© rĂ©gionale rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e par l’hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© d’une rĂ©gion Ă  l’autre des degrĂ©s d’inĂ©galitĂ© de la taille des villes et de leurs rythmes de croissance. La primautĂ© de certaines capitales rĂ©gionales rĂ©sulte en gĂ©nĂ©ral de concentrations politico-administratives antĂ©rieures Ă  notre pĂ©riode d’observation. Le rĂ©sultat le plus marquant est que le systĂšme de villes chinois se singularise des autres systĂšmes, y compris indien, par une diminution dans le temps de son degrĂ© de hiĂ©rarchisation, ce qui n’a jamais Ă©tĂ© observĂ© auparavant. Le contrĂŽle politique des mĂ©canismes d’évolution des villes aurait alors inflĂ©chi non pas la totalitĂ© du processus d’urbanisation mais le sens de son Ă©volution. (Il est possible que le sous-enregistrement des populations migrantes explique pour partie ce rĂ©sultat). L’influence de ce contrĂŽle se traduit aussi au niveau de l’organisation fonctionnelle du systĂšme de villes, l’établissement des ZES ayant conduit Ă  la concentration saisissante des villes industrielles dans des espaces restreints, autour des Deltas de la riviĂšre des Perles et du Yangzi, ainsi que dans une moindre mesure dans le Bohai Rim. Les trajectoires comparĂ©es des villes indiennes et chinoises permettent d’enrichir la prospective de l’urbanisation qui reprĂ©sente d’énormes enjeux pour le monde et la planĂšte.This thesis compares the urban systems in China and India using dedicated data bases that have been constructed using comparable and harmonized principles, describing the evolution of the population of all urban agglomerations above 10000 inhabitants, every ten years from the beginning of 20th century for India and 1964 for China. Both very large countries of ancient urbanization are characterized by many small towns and have developed gigantic metropolises during the last decades.Despite their geo-historical specific features, these two systems share with others in the world the same properties of hierarchical differentiation and urban growth processes (Zipf’s law and Gibrat’s model), at country scal aswell as for regional subsystems. A regional diversity is linked to former processes of unequal concentration of urban development. The most interesting result is identifying for the first time a reverse trend in the evolution of the Chinese urban hierarchy compared to other countries in the world amongwhich India : despite the very rapid recent urban growth, the inequalities in city sizes are decreasing. This may in part depend of the under-registration of migrant urban populations. It also reveals the power of the political control on China’s urban processes that also appears in the magnitude of spatial concentration of manufacturing cities due to the implantation of Special economic Zones. Comparing the trajectories of Indian and Chinese cities may well improve the prospect of global urbanization that is crucial for the world and the planet

    Spatial Deployment of the Chinese Property Market (2010–2016)

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    Les SystĂšmes de Villes en Inde et en Chine

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    This thesis compares the urban systems in China and India using dedicated databases that have been constructed using comparable and harmonized principles,describing the evolution of the population of all urban agglomerations above10 000 inhabitants, every ten years from the beginning of 20th century for Indiaand 1964 for China. Both very large countries of ancient urbanization arecharacterized by many small towns and have developed gigantic metropolisesduring the last decades.Despite their geo-historical specific features, these two systems share with othersin the world the same properties of hierarchical differentiation and urban growthprocesses (Zipf’s law and Gibrat’s model), at country scale as well as for regionalsubsystems. A regional diversity is linked to former processes of unequalconcentration of urban development.The most interesting result is identifying for the first time a reverse trend in theevolution of the Chinese urban hierarchy compared to other countries in the worldamong which India: despite the very rapid recent urban growth, the inequalities incity sizes are decreasing. This may in part depend of the under-registration ofmigrant urban populations. It also reveals the power of the political control onChina’s urban processes that also appears in the magnitude of spatialconcentration of manufacturing cities due to the implantation of Special economicZones.Comparing the trajectories of Indian and Chinese cities may well improve theprospect of global urbanization that is crucial for the world and the planet.L’analyse de la structure des systĂšmes de villes en Inde et en Chine et de leurĂ©volution au long du XXe siĂšcle pour l’Inde et depuis les annĂ©es 1960 pour laChine a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e Ă  partir de bases de donnĂ©es comparables et harmonisĂ©es,construites spĂ©cifiquement dans le cadre de cette thĂšse et dĂ©crivant l’ensemble desagglomĂ©rations de plus de 10 000 habitants. Les deux pays, trĂšs anciennementmais encore peu urbanisĂ©s, conservent de trĂšs nombreuses petites villes tout enayant dĂ©veloppĂ© au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies de gigantesques mĂ©tropoles deplusieurs dizaines de millions d’habitants.En dĂ©pit de leurs singularitĂ©s gĂ©o-historiques, ces deux systĂšmes prĂ©sentent lesmĂȘmes rĂ©gularitĂ©s fortes que les systĂšmes dĂ©jĂ  connus (loi de Zipf et modĂšle deGibrat), et ce quelle que soit l’échelle d’observation : un mĂȘme processus decroissance distribuĂ©e traduit l’unitĂ© des hiĂ©rarchies urbaines indienne et chinoisetant dans leur ensemble qu’au sein de leurs sous-systĂšmes rĂ©gionaux. Nousmettons cependant en Ă©vidence une diversitĂ© rĂ©gionale rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e par l’hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ©d’une rĂ©gion Ă  l’autre des degrĂ©s d’inĂ©galitĂ© de la taille des villes et de leursrythmes de croissance. La primautĂ© de certaines capitales rĂ©gionales rĂ©sulte engĂ©nĂ©ral de concentrations politico-administratives antĂ©rieures Ă  notre pĂ©rioded’observation.Le rĂ©sultat le plus marquant est que le systĂšme de villes chinois se singularise desautres systĂšmes, y compris indien, par une diminution dans le temps de son degrĂ©de hiĂ©rarchisation, ce qui n’a jamais Ă©tĂ© observĂ© auparavant. Le contrĂŽle politiquedes mĂ©canismes d’évolution des villes aurait alors inflĂ©chi non pas la totalitĂ© duprocessus d’urbanisation mais le sens de son Ă©volution. (Il est possible que lesous-enregistrement des populations migrantes explique pour partie ce rĂ©sultat).L’influence de ce contrĂŽle se traduit aussi au niveau de l’organisationfonctionnelle du systĂšme de villes, l’établissement des ZES ayant conduit Ă  laconcentration saisissante des villes industrielles dans des espaces restreints, autourdes Deltas de la riviĂšre des Perles et du Yangzi, ainsi que dans une moindremesure dans le Bohai Rim.Les trajectoires comparĂ©es des villes indiennes et chinoises permettent d’enrichirla prospective de l’urbanisation qui reprĂ©sente d’énormes enjeux pour le monde etla planĂšte

    The Substantial Share of Small Towns in India's System of Cities

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    A data base on Chinese urbanization: ChinaCities

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    In China, the measurement of the cities’ population is confusing. Indeed, the administrative boundaries do not delineate a “strictly urban” unit, but include a territory composed both of urban and rural territories which are under the jurisdiction of a main city. This article describes the construction method and the content of a new harmonized database of the Chinese cities’ population, the ChinaCities database

    Peut-on estimer la population des villes chinoises à partir de leur surface bùtie ?

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    Chinese cities are growing so rapidly that we have to implement appropriate methods to measure their size and analyze their evolution. As administrative subdivisions are variable as well as the available sources about urban population, we suggest an estimation based on built-up areas. Landsat satellite images are analyzed for extracting continuously built-up areas. Estimations of the built-up surfaces are provided for about fifty urban agglomerations from 1980 to 2000. They are then compared to population figures given by different data bases in a variety of international sources. Nonlinear relationships between surfaces and population are computed. They demonstrate that our estimations of surfaces are consistent and reliable. However, the evolutions of surfaces as well as population figures are too variable to be reliable. Consequently, the same method cannot be used and has to be supplemented with other sources

    The Chinese Urban System: Political Evolution and Economic Transition

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